Reflecting on the State of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in Ghana
It is no surprise that in championing the global economic agenda, TVET has been cited in the modern educational discourse around the world as the paradigm-shifting factor in transforming traditionally academic-oriented societies into skills-based productive economies that are able to provide the expanding youth population with useful and easily marketable skills. In fact, the current global trend and demand of industries and economic development have much focus on hands-on skills trainees, which has awakened some youth to move into technical and vocational training across the globe.

The agenda of the Ghana Government to promote technical and vocational education and training is not out of place, as considering the increasing rate of Ghana’s population coupled with the surge in the rate of youth and graduate unemployment. The need for skills education or training that would equip the youth with essential employable and entrepreneurial skills has been on the table in the Ghanaian society in the past few decades. Undoubtedly, the commitment shown by the Ghana Government to promote TVET is commendable. However, recent evidence shows that many of the TVET subsectors in both second-cycle and tertiary institutions are in limbo when it comes to prerequisite tools or machines, infrastructure, and even industrial exposure that can sharpen the skills and provide learners with a practical understanding of the demand for industries.

Study

A study conducted by the Baraka Policy Institute (BPI), a social policy Think Tank, on the state of TVET in Ghana in 2021 reveals among other things that technical and vocational institutions in Ghana are not well-resourced and are therefore struggling to deliver on their mandate. The study further revealed that there is no proper coordination between TVET institutions and industries. These findings from the BPI study are quite worrisome, as they negatively impact on the quality of training students receive particularly on hands-on practical to be able to fit into industry or to become well-equipped and self-employed. In fact, many students during their stay at the school do not even have access to workshops, let alone think of handling tools for practice, the study findings revealed. Interestingly, some schools which have workshops and equipment are in an old-fashioned state, and their presence only appear to be for exhibition purposes or for students to see and identify the names of equipment therein.

Revamping the TVET agenda

One of the key motives of the TVET agenda is to accelerate the rapid industrialization of the country and this TVET institutions cannot do alone. The apparent lack of coordination, therefore, means that there will be a mismatch in the skills acquired and the needs of the industry, which would eventually make the industries not employ them or call for their services. Global best practices demand that, there is always a strong collaboration between industry and TVET institutions. For instance, in Germany, the technical and vocational training system requires that before a TVET institution is accepted, it must sign a mentorship programme with a company to provide on-the-job training to trainees. In fact, in Ghana, there is no evidence of such concrete and sustained attachment arrangement between TVET institutions and the industry.

One key dimension to this is that, the presence of a strong TVET – industry coordination, as it prevails in Germany, would imply students would have the opportunity to have frequent practical training and would therefore be abreast with the operations of new machines and equipment in this era of ever changing phases of technological advancements.

Ghana must prioritize effective collaboration between industries and TVET institutions in order to bridge the gap in mentorship and practical training which is affecting graduates’ chances of being well-equipped for the job market.

Another critical dimension to the state of TVET in Ghana is the apparent shift of concentration of courses pursued by higher TVET institutions particularly, Technical Universities. There are many who have asked what the mandate of technical universities is. It is an interesting observation that most technical universities have essentially drifted away from their core mandate of producing hands-on technical experts for national development and are now into more social sciences programmes. Many of these technical universities do not offer some of the TVET programmes but have the space to offer courses in social sciences or humanities. It is not surprising that highly trained professionals in some artisanship like plumbing, tilling, auto mechanics among others appear to be lacking in the building industry and domestic usage. To some extent, this partly contribute to the lack of interest among youth who wish to pursue hand-on skills to a higher professional level.

Action

Ghana’s efforts as a country in revamping the TVET sector gives an indication that there is a commitment to shaping TVET in Ghana and making it better. This is evident in recent retooling of many TVET schools with modern state of the art equipment. However, much more need to be done. There are still many schools who lack workshops let alone to talk about modern equipment. Again, CTVET or any other relevant agency acting on behalf of government must initiate and intensify internship and partnerships arrangements with the industry on behalf of TVET institutions. Again, mandated regulatory authorities should ensure that technical universities focus mainly on their primary mandate of training and producing artisans and technical experts who will spearhead the country’s industrialisation and development efforts.